Acupuncture Points for Low Back Chronic Pain

42 sourced protocols, each with its citation.

Each card names its evidence kind. What these labels mean

Protocol (5 points)

100%

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 · GV03 · GV04

BL23Kidney Shu Point

BL23 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腎俞 (shèn shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV04 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Diarrhea, Asthma, Tinnitus, Qi Deficiency

BL25Large Intestine Shu Point

BL25 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 大腸俞 (dà cháng shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV03 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Diarrhea, Common Cold, Constipation, Abdominal Bloating, Abdominal Pain

BL40Middle Of The Crease

BL40 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 委中 (wěi zhōng)

🎯 Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa between tendons of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus.

⚠️ Cautions: Caution in weakness/fatigue; avoid strong stimulation.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Diarrhea, Knee Pain, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain

GV03Yang Lumbar Gate

GV03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腰陽關 (yāo yáng guān)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra at the level with iliac crest.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Numbness, Lower Back Pain, Urine White, Benefit Legs, Benefit Back Lumbar

GV04Life Gate

GV04 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 命門 (mìng mén)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Anxiety, Kidney Deficiency, Dizziness, Tinnitus

Study-reported

Needling · 24 sessions over 12 weeks

Did better than another treatment

Acupuncture delivered within a naturopathic package with dietary counselling and deep-breathing relaxation

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000919 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. BL23, BL25, BL40, GV03, GV04 also appear in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1016/j.imr.2025.101180 ↗
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Protocol (5 points)

100%

LI04 · BL23 · BL25 · GV03 · GV04

LI04Junction Valley

LI04 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Large Intestine Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 合谷 (hé gǔ)

🎯 Location: On the dorsum of the hand between 1st & 2nd metacarpal bones approximately in the middle of the 2nd metacarpal bone on the radial side.

⚠️ Cautions: Traditionally forbidden in pregnancy – these are the points used to bring on labour at term. Controlled data show no excess of preterm birth or stillbirth (Carr 2015), but in pregnancy needle only on a clear obstetric indication.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Tinnitus, Release Exterior, Absent Periods, Wind

BL23Kidney Shu Point

BL23 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腎俞 (shèn shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV04 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Diarrhea, Asthma, Tinnitus, Qi Deficiency

BL25Large Intestine Shu Point

BL25 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 大腸俞 (dà cháng shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV03 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Diarrhea, Common Cold, Constipation, Abdominal Bloating, Abdominal Pain

GV03Yang Lumbar Gate

GV03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腰陽關 (yāo yáng guān)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra at the level with iliac crest.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Numbness, Lower Back Pain, Urine White, Benefit Legs, Benefit Back Lumbar

GV04Life Gate

GV04 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 命門 (mìng mén)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Anxiety, Kidney Deficiency, Dizziness, Tinnitus

Study-reported

Needling · 8 sessions over 4 weeks

Improved from baseline; no control group

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.26420/AUSTINJCLINCASEREP.2021.1190 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. BL23, BL25, GV03, GV04 also appear in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000919 ↗
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Protocol (4 points)

100%

BL23 · BL40 · KD03 · GV03

BL23Kidney Shu Point

BL23 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腎俞 (shèn shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV04 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Diarrhea, Asthma, Tinnitus, Qi Deficiency

BL40Middle Of The Crease

BL40 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 委中 (wěi zhōng)

🎯 Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa between tendons of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus.

⚠️ Cautions: Caution in weakness/fatigue; avoid strong stimulation.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Diarrhea, Knee Pain, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain

KD03Great Stream

KD03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Kidney Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 太谿 (tài xī)

🎯 Location: In the depression the between tip of the medial malleolus and achilles tendon.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Chest Pain, Shortness of Breath, Heat Deficiency, Asthma

GV03Yang Lumbar Gate

GV03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腰陽關 (yāo yáng guān)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra at the level with iliac crest.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Numbness, Lower Back Pain, Urine White, Benefit Legs, Benefit Back Lumbar

Study-reported

Needling · a 4-week course

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116899 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. BL23, BL40, KD03, GV03 also appear in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.65 ↗
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Protocol (6 points)

100%

ST25 · KD12 · CV04 · CV06 · CV12 · GV20

ST25Celestial Pivot

ST25 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Stomach Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 天樞 (tiān shū)

🎯 Location: 2 thumb widths lateral to the center of the umbilicus.

⚠️ Cautions: Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency – treatment here is adjunctive at most and must never delay surgical assessment. Avoid needling over the gravid uterus after the first trimester; where used in pregnancy, needle shallowly and only on a clear obstetric indication.

🛡️ Treats: Poor Appetite, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Abdominal Bloating

KD12Great Manifestation

KD12 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Kidney Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 大赫 (dà hè)

🎯 Location: 4 thumb widths below umbilicus 0.5 thumb widths lateral to the CV03.

⚠️ Cautions: Caution in pregnancy.

🛡️ Treats: Deficiency, Uterine Prolapse, Penis Pain, Genital Pain, Eye Canthus Medial Redness

CV04Original Qi Gate

CV04 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Conception Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 關元 (guān yuán)

🎯 Location: On the anterior midline 3 thumb widths below umbilicus.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid needling over the gravid uterus after the first trimester; where used in pregnancy, needle shallowly and only on a clear obstetric indication. Bleeding in pregnancy requires obstetric assessment.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Diarrhea, Anxiety, Shortness of Breath, Kidney Deficiency

CV06Sea Of Qi

CV06 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Conception Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 氣海 (qì hǎi)

🎯 Location: On the anterior midline 1.5 thumb widths below umbilicus.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid needling over the gravid uterus after the first trimester; where used in pregnancy, needle shallowly and only on a clear obstetric indication.

🛡️ Treats: Diarrhea, Shortness of Breath, Constipation, Yang Weakness, Abdominal Bloating

CV12Stomach Centre

CV12 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Conception Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 中脘 (zhōng wǎn)

🎯 Location: On the anterior midline 4 thumb widths above the umbilicus.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid needling over the gravid uterus after the first trimester; where used in pregnancy, needle shallowly and only on a clear obstetric indication.

🛡️ Treats: Poor Appetite, Diarrhea, Shortness of Breath, Common Cold, Depression

GV20100 Convergences

GV20 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 百會 (bǎi huì)

🎯 Location: On the midline of the head 5 thumb widths directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline approximately on the midpoint of the line connecting apex of the ears.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Chest Pain, Palpitations, Jaundice, Qi Deficiency

Study-reported

Needling · 12 sessions over 4 weeks

Did better than another treatment

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240522-k0002 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. GV20 also appears in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000001944 ↗
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Protocol (5 points)

100%

AT12 · IAC03 · POS01 · POS04 · TF10

AT12Nervous Subcortex

AT12 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Auricular Points

🇨🇳 Chinese: 神經皮質下 (shén jīng pí zhì xià)

🎯 Location: On both ears, at the lower 1/2 of the interior wall of the Antitragus; in the midpoint between Thalamus and the beginning of the medial lower line of the interior Antitragus.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Neurosis, Schizophrenia

IAC03Sympathetic

IAC03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Auricular Points

🇨🇳 Chinese: 交感 (jiāo gǎn)

🎯 Location: On both ears, at the end of the upper edge of the lower Crus of the Antihelix.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Etc, Over Secretion Diseases, Internal Organ Pain, Autonomic Nerve Disorders, Spasms

POS01Groove of Spinal Posterior

POS01 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Auricular Points

🇨🇳 Chinese: 脊椎後溝 (jǐ zhuī hòu gōu)

🎯 Location: At the Antihelix in the depression on the posterior surface of the auricle

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Fibromyalgia, Spinal Diseases, Whole Back Pain

POS04Groove of Sciatic Posterior

POS04 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Auricular Points

🇨🇳 Chinese: 耳背坐骨神經溝 (ěr bèi zuò gǔ shén jīng gōu)

🎯 Location: At the Inferior Crus of the Antihelix in the depression on the posterior surface of the auricle

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Sciatic Neuralgia, Lower Leg Pain

TF10Shenmen

TF10 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Auricular Points

🇨🇳 Chinese: 神門 (shén mén)

🎯 Location: At the midpoint between Pelvis and Hepatitis.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Pain, Inflammation, Restless Spirit, Emotional And Mental Disorders

Study-reported

Acupressure · a 4-week course

Did better than sham needling

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.1155/2014/375173 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. AT12, IAC03, TF10 also appear in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1155/2013/196978 ↗
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Protocol (4 points)

100%

BL23 · BL40 · KD03 · GV03

BL23Kidney Shu Point

BL23 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腎俞 (shèn shū)

🎯 Location: 1.5 thumb widths lateral to the GV04 at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.

⚠️ Cautions: Avoid deep perpendicular needling.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Diarrhea, Asthma, Tinnitus, Qi Deficiency

BL40Middle Of The Crease

BL40 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Bladder Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 委中 (wěi zhōng)

🎯 Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa between tendons of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus.

⚠️ Cautions: Caution in weakness/fatigue; avoid strong stimulation.

🛡️ Treats: Fever, Diarrhea, Knee Pain, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain

KD03Great Stream

KD03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Kidney Meridian

🇨🇳 Chinese: 太谿 (tài xī)

🎯 Location: In the depression the between tip of the medial malleolus and achilles tendon.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Cough, Chest Pain, Shortness of Breath, Heat Deficiency, Asthma

GV03Yang Lumbar Gate

GV03 acupoint
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🗺️ Meridian: Governing Vessel

🇨🇳 Chinese: 腰陽關 (yāo yáng guān)

🎯 Location: Below spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra at the level with iliac crest.

⚠️ Cautions: No specific contraindications.

🛡️ Treats: Numbness, Lower Back Pain, Urine White, Benefit Legs, Benefit Back Lumbar

Study-reported

Needling · 10 sessions over 7 weeks

No better than sham needling

Point selection reported in a published study.

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.65 ↗
Corroborated by a second study. BL23, BL40, KD03, GV03 also appear in another study-reported protocol for the same search. A second publication is not necessarily a second research group. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116899 ↗
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40 needles for this course · 1 box, $19.99
Back Pain
The most-searched complaint on AcuiQ. Four conditions, every point illustrated. – $5, free updates for life

Points cited for Low Back Chronic Pain

How often each point appears across the 42 entries ranked highest for Low Back Chronic Pain. Citation frequency, not a recommendation.

  • BL23Kidney Shu PointBladder Meridian30 of 42
  • BL40Middle Of The CreaseBladder Meridian25 of 42
  • BL25Large Intestine Shu PointBladder Meridian23 of 42
  • GV03Yang Lumbar GateGoverning Vessel22 of 42
  • BL60Kunlun (Mountains)Bladder Meridian12 of 42
  • GB30Jumping CircleGallbladder Meridian12 of 42
  • GV04Life GateGoverning Vessel11 of 42
  • BL24Sea Of Qi Shu PointBladder Meridian10 of 42
  • KD03Great StreamKidney Meridian8 of 42
  • TF10ShenmenAuricular Points7 of 42
  • AT12Nervous SubcortexAuricular Points6 of 42
  • BL20Spleen Shu PointBladder Meridian6 of 42

Tested, no effect found

These studies tested the points below for Low Back Chronic Pain and found no effect. They are not counted above.

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 · BL40 · BL60 · KD03 · GB34 – doi:10.1155/2013/125937 – No better than another treatment

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 · BL40 · GB30 · GV03 · GV04 · GV05 – doi:10.1155/2018/4510909 – No better than usual care

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 – doi:10.1016/j.jams.2019.04.005 – No better than another treatment

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 · GV03 – doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240522-k0002 – No better than another treatment

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 – doi:10.3233/BMR-230095 – No better than another treatment

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 · GV03 · XB02L3 · XB02L4 · XB02L5 – doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240522-k0002 – No better than another treatment

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 – doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-146 – No better than a waitlist

Registered, results not reported

These trials registered a protocol for Low Back Chronic Pain and have not reported results. They are not counted above.

ST04 · ST36 · SP13 · SP14 · BL23 · BL24 · BL25 · BL37 · BL40 · GB12 · GB26 · GB30 · GB34 · GB41 · GV03 · GV04 · GV05 · GV24 · GV26 – doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-118

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 · GB30 · GV03 · GV04 · GV05 – doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-16

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 – doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000013047

BL23 · BL24 · BL25 · GB30 – doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05038-6

LI04 · ST36 · SP06 · HT03 · BL23 · BL30 · BL58 · BL60 · KD07 · TB05 · GB41 · GV04 – doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0850-7

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 – doi:10.2147/jpr.s612463

SP06 · BL23 · BL25 · BL40 · KD03 – doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3813-6 – Low-, high- and alternating-frequency EA arms share these points; written once

BL23 · BL25 · BL40 · GV03 · GV06 – doi:10.2147/JPR.S388558

BL23 · BL25 · GV03 · GV04 – doi:10.2147/JPR.S450589

How the studies delivered it

What the 35 studies behind the entries above ran, counted once per study. A record of the trials, not a recommendation.

  • Needling19 of 35
  • Electroacupuncture8 of 35
  • Laser6 of 35
  • Acupressure4 of 35
  • Cupping3 of 35
  • Thread embedding1 of 35
  • Moxibustion1 of 35

Sessions: the 22 studies that gave a count ran a median of 9 (middle half 5 to 12).

Course: the 25 studies that gave a length ran a median of 4 weeks (middle half 13 days to 4 weeks).

After a treatment: what large safety surveys recorded, and which reactions need a doctor.

Disclaimer: The acupoint information provided is for educational purposes only.