ST44 Neiting (Inner Court)

Location

Proximal to the web margin the between 2nd and 3rd toes in the depression the distal and lateral to the 2nd metatarsodigital joint.

Categories

• Ying-Spring point of the Stomach meridian

The classical groups this point belongs to, from Deadman, Al-Khafaji & Baker, A Manual of Acupuncture.

Indications

Conditions for which ST44 is listed as indicated. An indication list is a reference index, not a prescription – see the protocols below for sourced treatments.

TCM actions

What classical sources say ST44 does in the terms of Chinese medicine theory. These describe the point, not a condition.

Protocols using ST44

The 50 best-sourced of 108, ranked by strength of evidence. The count above is the full figure.

• Trigeminal Neuralgia – LI03, LI04, ST02, ST03, ST06, ST07, ST44, SI18, BL02, GB14, CV24 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(10)60018-0 ↗)
• Trigeminal Neuralgia – LI04, LI20, ST02, ST06, ST07, ST08, ST41, ST44, SP06, SI18, BL02, BL65, TB05, TB17, GB03, GB14, GB20, LV03, CV24 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(10)60018-0 ↗)
• Trigeminal Neuralgia – LI04, LI11, LI20, ST02, ST04, ST06, ST07, ST08, ST36, ST44, SP06, SI18, BL02, GB01, GB14, LV02, LV03, CV24 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(10)60018-0 ↗)
• Trigeminal Neuralgia – LI04, ST02, ST04, ST06, ST07, ST08, ST36, ST44, SP06, SI18, TB05, GB14, LV03, CV24 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(10)60018-0 ↗)
• Cerebral Palsy, Motor Dysfunction, Posture Abnormalities – LI04, LI11, ST02, ST25, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, HT07, SI19, BL01, BL17, BL18, BL23, BL40, BL60, BL62, KD01, KD03, KD06, PC06, PC08, TB05, TB17, TB21, GB02, GB13, GB14, GB19, LV03, CV06, CV10, CV12, CV13, CV14, CV23, GV17, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60074-1 ↗)
• Limbs Numbness, Limbs Pain, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Abnormal Sensation Limbs – LI04, LI10, LI11, LI15, ST09, ST31, ST32, ST34, ST36, ST40, ST43, ST44, SP03, SP06, SP08, SP09, SP10, BL13, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL23, GB34, CV04, CV06 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(10)60003-9 ↗)
• Obesity – LU03, LU04, LI04, LI11, LI15, ST32, ST36, ST37, ST40, ST44, SP06, SP09, SP10, LV03 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60060-1 ↗)
• Obesity Abdominal – ST20, ST21, ST25, ST28, ST34, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, SP09, SP11, TB06, TB13, GB26, LV03, LV09, CV04, CV06, CV12 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60005-4 ↗)
• Obesity Symmetrical – ST20, ST21, ST25, ST28, ST34, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, SP09, SP11, TB06, TB13, GB26, LV03, LV09, CV04, CV06, CV12 (doi:10.1016/s0254-6272(09)60005-4 ↗)
• Knee Pain, Osteoarthritis Knee, Stiffness Knee – LU06, LI04, LI10, LI15, ST34, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP05, SP06, SP09, SP10, SI08, SI10, BL23, BL40, BL60, KD03, KD07, KD10, TB14, GB33, GB34, LV03, LV07, LV08 (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-4-6 ↗)
• Vomiting, Nausea, Photophobia, Headache Migraine, Headache Unilateral, Phonophobia – LI04, ST44, SI03, BL60, PC06, TB05, TB20, GB08, GB13, GB20, GB34, GB40, LV03, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-25 ↗)
• Neuralgia Trigeminal, Facial Trigeminal Pain – LI04, LI20, ST02, ST03, ST07, ST36, ST44, ST45, SI18, TB05, TB17, TB21, GB02, LV03, GV26 (doi:10.1590/S1807-59322009001200014 ↗)
• Headache, Vomiting, Nausea, Migraine, Head Pain – LI04, ST08, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, BL02, BL10, BL11, BL60, PC06, TB05, GB02, GB08, GB14, GB34, GB41, LV02, LV03, GV18, GV23 (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-241 ↗)
• Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Poststernotomy Pain, Reduced Lung Function – ST34, ST44, SP10, KD03, PC06, LV02 (doi:10.1155/2013/219817 ↗)
• Facial Pain, Dental Post-surgical Pain – LI04, ST06, ST07, ST44, TB17 (doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.008 ↗)
• Headache Frontal, Head Forehead Pain, Headache Migraine – LI04, ST44, GB08, GB20 (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-361 ↗)
• Vomiting, Nausea, Head Pain, Headache Migraine Menstrual – LI04, ST29, ST44, SI03, BL60, KD12, PC06, TB05, TB20, GB08, GB13, GB20, GB34, GB40, LV03, CV03, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-374 ↗)
• Toothache, Toothache, Dental Pain, Dental Acute Pain – LI04, ST44, CV23 (doi:10.1016/j.jams.2013.03.005 ↗)
• Facial Pain, Dental Post-surgical Pain – LI04, ST06, ST07, ST44, TB17 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119612 ↗)
• Obesity, Overweight – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, CV04, CV06, CV12 (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1046-x ↗)
• Anxiety, Dizziness, Depression, Insomnia, Irritability, Sleep Difficulty Falling Asleep, Sleep Early Waking – LI11, ST40, ST44, HT07, BL62, KD06 (doi:10.1155/2015/578972 ↗)
• Obesity, Overweight, Appetite Excess, Hunger Increased – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, PC06 (doi:10.1155/2016/9365326 ↗)
• Epigastric Pain, Dyspepsia Functional, Burning Epigastric – ST36, ST44, SP09, BL20, BL21, PC06, LV03, LV13, LV14, CV12, CV17 (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1845-3 ↗)
• Headache Migraine Chronic, Headache Yangming – LI04, ST44, GB08, GB13, GB20, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020653 ↗)
• Dizziness, Headache, Syncope, Menstrual Pain, Uterine Bleeding Dysfunctional, Dysmenorrhea Severe, Menstruation Irregular, Clots Menstrual – LU07, LI04, LI11, ST29, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP04, SP06, SP08, SP09, SP10, SI03, BL23, BL32, BL62, KD03, KD06, KD07, KD14, GB41, GB43, LV03, CV03, CV04, CV06, GV04, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224725 ↗)
• Shoulder Pain, Arm Pain, Neck Pain, Arm Numbness, Radiculopathy Cervical – LI04, ST44, SI03, BL60, TB05, GB34, GB40, LV03, GV14 (doi:10.1155/2018/3465897 ↗)
• Nausea, Headache Migraine, Headache Unilateral, Aura Visual, Sensitivity Light, Sensitivity Noise, Aura Blurred-vision – LI04, ST08, ST44, GB08 (doi:10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_11_18 ↗)
• Overweight, Obesity Simple, Bmi Elevated – LI04, LI11, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, ST27, ST28, ST32, ST34, ST36, ST37, ST39, ST40, ST44, SP04, SP06, SP09, SP14, SP15, SP16, BL20, BL21, TB06, GB26, LV13, CV04, CV06, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13 (doi:10.1155/2020/2367610 ↗)
• Vomiting, Nausea, Headache Migraine, Gastrointestinal Symptoms – LI04, ST44, SI03, BL60, PC06, TB05, GB08, GB20, GB34, LV03, GV20 (doi:10.1155/2021/5676718 ↗)
• Hyposmia, Smell Loss Postinfectious, Anosmia, Parosmia – LU07, LI04, LI20, ST44, SP06, BL03, GV23 (doi:10.1007/s00405-021-06872-9 ↗)
• Overweight, Obesity Simple, Bmi Elevated – LI04, ST36, ST44 (doi:10.1155/2022/7252213 ↗)
• Multiple Sclerosis, Neuralgia Trigeminal, Facial Trigeminal Pain – LI04, ST02, ST07, ST44, BL02, LV03 (doi:10.3390/medicines9080044 ↗)
• Joint Swelling, Inflammation Joint, Joint Acute Pain, Gout Acute, Arthritis Gouty – ST36, ST44, SP02, SP03, SP06, SP09, LV03 (doi:10.1155/2022/3363064 ↗)
• Obesity, Overweight, Dyslipidemia – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, PC06 (doi:10.1007/s10103-023-03861-8 ↗)
• Paralysis Facial, Stroke Sequelae, Paralysis Limb, Wry Mouth – LU05, LI04, LI10, LI11, LI15, ST04, ST06, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP06, SP09, SP10, HT01, BL40, KD03, PC06, GB20, GB30, GB31, LV03, CV06, GV20, GV26 (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗)
• Jaw Pain, Headache Tension-type, Headache Chronic, Temporomandibular Dysfunction – LI04, ST44, SI03, BL60, PC06, TB05, GB20, GB41, LV03, GV20 (doi:10.1177/02692155241229282 ↗)
• Stroke Hemiplegia, Paralysis Limb, Gait Disturbance, Balance Dysfunction – ST36, ST44, SP06, GB30, GB31, GB37, GB39, GB40 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000037784 ↗)
• Constipation, Vomiting, Insomnia, Nausea, Erythromelalgia, Night Sweats, Chronic Pain, Burning Extremities Pain, Extremities Redness, Hot Flashes Extremities, Thirst Excessive – ST44, SP06, BL15, BL17, BL23, KD06, KD07, PC07, LV03, GV20 (doi:10.7759/cureus.65890 ↗)
• Vomiting, Nausea, Headache Migraine, Headache Unilateral, Sensitivity Light, Sensitivity Sound – LI04, ST44, GB08, GB20, GV20 (doi:10.2147/JPR.S546838 ↗)
• Airway Hyperresponsiveness, Asthma Intermittent, Asthma Mild – LU01, LU05, LU07, LU09, LU11, LI04, LI06, LI20, ST13, ST25, ST36, ST40, ST44, SP03, SP06, SP09, SP10, HT03, HT05, HT07, SI03, BL13, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL21, BL23, KD03, KD06, KD08, KD27, PC06, TB05, TB15, GB03, GB34, GB40, GB41, LV02, LV03, LV08, LV13, CV04, CV06, CV09, CV17, CV21, GV04, GV13 (doi:10.1186/s13052-015-0155-1 ↗)
• Vomiting, Nausea, Heat Stomach, Chemotherapy Nausea – ST36, ST41, ST44, SP04, PC06, GB34, CV12 (doi:10.1177/2164956119870444 ↗)
• Anxiety Surgical – LI04, ST36, ST44 (doi:10.1177/21649561211058076 ↗)
• Stress, Fatigue, Anxiety, Vomiting, Pain, Insomnia, Nausea – LI04, ST36, ST44, SP06, HT07, PC06, GB21, LV03 (doi:10.1177/21649561211058076 ↗)
• Inflammation Joint, Joint Acute Pain, Gout Acute, Hyperuricemia – LI11, ST36, ST44, SP06, SP09, SP10, LV02, LV03 (doi:10.3831/KPI.2022.25.4.301 ↗)
• Herpes Zoster, Acute Pain, Skin Blisters – LI04, LI11, ST44, SP10, PC06, LV02, CV04, CV12 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000034920 ↗)
• Oral Pain, Stomatitis Aphthous Recurrent, Ulcer Oral Recurrent – LI04, ST36, ST44, PC08 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000036817 ↗)
• Dysphagia, Dysphagia Neurogenic, Consciousness Disorder, Dysphagia Severe, Brain Injury Acquired, Aspiration Silent, Brain Injury – LI02, ST36, ST44, SI03, TB17, CV23 (doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1724043 ↗)
• Impotence, Erectile Dysfunction – ST43, ST44, SI05, BL23, LV02, LV03 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200519-0008 ↗)
• Nausea, Bloating, Epigastric Pain, Dyspepsia Functional – ST25, ST36, ST44, SP04, SP09, BL20, BL21, PC06, LV03, CV12 (doi:10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.001 ↗)
• Insomnia, Phlegm Fire Heart – ST40, ST44, CV12 (doi:10.1155/ijcp/6940576 ↗)

Most often selected alongside ST44

How many sourced protocols in the index pair each point with ST44. Corpus frequency, not a combination to use.

• LI04Junction Valley70 protocols
• LV03Great Surge49 protocols
• ST36Leg Three Miles48 protocols
• SP06Three Yin Intersection34 protocols
• LI11Pond At The Bend26 protocols
• PC06Inner Gate25 protocols
• ST40Abundant Bulge24 protocols
• GV20100 Convergences23 protocols
• SP09Yin Mound Spring21 protocols
• ST07Below The Arch20 protocols
• GB20Wind Pool18 protocols
• ST06Jaw Bone18 protocols

Other points on the Stomach Meridian