29
Indications
80
Protocols
AcuiQ Self-Treatment Guide
Acupressure you can do at home, every protocol traced to a trial. – $12.99, free updates for life
Location
3 thumb widths below umbilicus 2 thumb widths lateral to the CV04.
Cautions
Traditionally forbidden in pregnancy – these are the points used to bring on labour at term. Controlled data show no excess of preterm birth or stillbirth (Carr 2015), but in pregnancy needle only on a clear obstetric indication.
Indications
Conditions for which ST28 is listed as indicated. An indication list is a reference index, not a prescription – see the protocols below for sourced treatments.
Benefit BladderBenefit Regulate Jiao LowerBenefit UterusCold BladderCold KneeCold ThighCold UterusConstipationShan DisorderAbdomen Inferior BloatingMenstrual CrampsFibroids / Masses Jia UterusFibroids Masses Jia UterusAbdomen Inferior FullnessHeat Binding SanjiaoInfertilityEdemaBack PainBack Lumbar Period PainBack Lumbar Period / Menstruation PainGenital PainLower Abdominal PainShoulder PainLumbar Spine PainRegulate Jiao LowerRetention Dead FoetusRetention PlacentaUrinary Retention Stagnation
Protocols using ST28
The 50 best-sourced of 80, ranked by strength of evidence. The count above is the full figure.
- Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Pain, Mood Changes, Damp-heat Lower-jiao – LI11, ST28, ST29, ST40, SP06, SP09, BL22, BL32, GB34, LV02 (doi:10.1093/ecam/nep239 ↗)
- Anxiety, Night Sweats, Infertility Female, Hot Flashes, Vaginal Dryness, Mood Swings, Amenorrhea Premature, Menopause Premature – ST25, ST28, ST29, ST36, SP06, BL32, KD03, GB13, LV03, CV03, CV04, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1155/2014/718675 ↗)
- Urinary Retention Postoperative, Incontinence Urinary Postoperative, Bladder Dysfunction Sensory Loss Postoperative, Urinary Tract Infection Postoperative – ST28, ST36, SP06, MS04 (doi:10.1155/2014/802134 ↗)
- Obesity, Overweight – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST28, ST36, SP06, CV06, CV12 (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0867-y ↗)
- Obesity, Overweight, Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST28, ST36, SP06, SP15, CV06, CV09, CV12 (doi:10.1038/nutd.2016.16 ↗)
- Overweight, Obesity Postpartum, Weight Retention – ST25, ST28, ST40, SP06, SP15, CV09 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004716 ↗)
- Abdominal Distention, Abdominal Pain, Urinary Retention Postpartum – ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, BL67, CV03, CV04 (doi:10.1155/2018/2072091 ↗)
- Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis, Lower-abdominal Pain, Lower-back Pain, Menstrual-irregularity, Blood-clots Menstrual, Leucorrhea, Infertility Risk – ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, CV04, CV06, GV20 (doi:10.1016/j.imr.2018.07.003 ↗)
- Obesity Abdominal, Bmi Elevated, Waist Circumference Elevated – ST25, ST28, ST40, SP15, GB26, CV12 (doi:10.1155/2019/9714313 ↗)
- Fatigue, Edema, Obesity, Weight Gain, Amenorrhea Post-pill, Digestion Poor – ST28, SP14, CV04 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016996 ↗)
- Dysmenorrhea Primary, Menstrual Pain, Pelvic Pain – LI04, ST28, ST36, SP10, BL20, BL32, BL54, LV03 (doi:10.1155/2019/7978180 ↗)
- Urinary Retention, Voiding Dysfunction Postoperative, Voiding Dysfunction Postpartum – ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, KD03, LV03, CV03, CV04, CV06, GV20 (doi:10.1155/2020/2520483 ↗)
- Overweight, Obesity Simple, Bmi Elevated – LI04, LI11, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, ST27, ST28, ST32, ST34, ST36, ST37, ST39, ST40, ST44, SP04, SP06, SP09, SP14, SP15, SP16, BL20, BL21, TB06, GB26, LV13, CV04, CV06, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13 (doi:10.1155/2020/2367610 ↗)
- Osteoarthritis Knee, Knee Post-surgical Pain, Recovery Post-surgical Knee-replacement – ST28, ST34, ST36, SP09, SP10, BL38, GB28, GB29, GB34, CV03 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024941 ↗)
- Obesity, PCOS, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, Hyperandrogenism, Oligoanovulation – ST25, ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, CV03, CV04, CV06 (doi:10.1155/2021/5555028 ↗)
- Fatigue, Vomiting, Nausea, Anemia, Epigastric Pain, Chemotherapy Nausea, Vomiting Chemotherapy-induced, Chemotherapy Side Effects, Cancer Gastric, Loss Of Appetite, Fatigue Chemotherapy-induced, Cancer Gastric Advanced – ST28, ST29, ST36, SP08, SP10, SP15, PC06, CV04, CV06 (doi:10.1155/2022/8701779 ↗)
- Nocturia, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Urination Urgency, Urination Hesitancy, Urination Slow Stream, Urination Frequency – ST28, BL23, BL28, CV03, CV06 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000030925 ↗)
- Constipation, Obesity Abdominal, Defecation Impaired – ST22, ST25, ST28, GB26, CV04, CV12 (doi:10.13702/j.1000-0607.201042 ↗)
- Fatigue, Anxiety, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Depression, Insomnia, Photophobia, Neck Stiffness, Phonophobia, Headache Medication-overuse, Chronic Migraine, Chronic Daily Headache, Head Throbbing Pain – LI04, ST25, ST28, ST36, ST40, SP09, SI03, BL10, TB05, TB17, GB04, GB08, GB15, GB18, GB20, GB34, GB41, GB43, LV03, CV04, CV06, CV12, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30417 ↗)
- Obesity Abdominal, Dyslipidemia, Waist Circumference Elevated, Waist Circumference Increased – ST24, ST25, ST28, ST36, SP06, SP14, SP15, GB26, CV09, CV12 (doi:10.2147/DMSO.S551806 ↗)
- Obesity Abdominal – ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, ST28, SP15, GB26, CV04, CV06, CV09, CV10, CV12 (doi:10.1111/jocd.70718 ↗)
- Cough, Fatigue, Chest Pain, Dyspnea, Anorexia, Pleural Effusion Malignant – ST28, BL13, BL20, BL23, CV04, CV17 (doi:10.13702/j.1000-0607.20230821 ↗)
- Dysuria, Nocturia, Urinary Frequency, Urinary Urgency, Urinary Hesitancy, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Incomplete Bladder Emptying – ST28, CV02, CV04 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020376 ↗)
- Obesity, Overweight, Insulin Resistance, Menstrual Irregularity, Pcos – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST28, ST36, ST40, SP06, SP09, KD07, KD13, GB34, LV03, CV03, CV04, CV06, CV09, CV12 (doi:10.1186/s40814-020-00591-4 ↗)
- Dysmenorrhea, Cramping, Abdominal Pain, Menstrual Pain, Pelvic Pain – ST28, SP06, BL54 (doi:10.2147/IJWH.S264023 ↗)
- Obesity, Overweight, Food Craving – ST25, ST28, ST36, SP15, BL20, KD14, CV06, CV09, CV12 (doi:10.1016/j.imr.2024.101050 ↗)
- Joint Pain, Abdominal Pain, Bleeding Rectal, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Diarrhea Chronic – LI04, ST23, ST24, ST25, ST26, ST27, ST28, SP03, SP04, SP05, KD02, KD03, KD04, KD05 (doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101080 ↗)
- Bladder Dysfunction Neurogenic, Urinary Incontinence Stress, Prostate Disease – ST28, BL54 (doi:10.53469/jcmp.2025.07(05).06 ↗)
- Spleen Deficiency, Obesity Simple, Spleen Deficiency Damp Obstruction, Dampness-obstruction – LI04, LI11, ST25, ST28, ST36, SP06, SP14, TB06, GB26, LV03, CV06, CV12 (doi:10.27253/d.cnki.gnjzu.2025.000776 ↗)
- Spleen Deficiency, Obesity Abdominal, Dampness Accumulation, Spleen Deficiency With Dampness Accumulation – ST25, ST28, ST36, ST40, SP06, SP14, SP15, GB26, CV04, CV06, CV10, CV12 (doi:10.26922/d.cnki.ganzc.2025.000566 ↗)
- Dysuria, Urinary Frequency, Urinary Urgency, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms – ST28, ST36, SP06, CV02, CV03, CV04 (doi:10.27465/d.cnki.gzzyc.2024.000579 ↗)
- Urinary Retention Postoperative, Urinary Retention Post-hemorrhoidectomy – ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, SP10, BL28, BL57, KD03, CV03, CV04, CV06, CV08 (doi:10.19917/j.cnki.1005-0779.024179 ↗)
- Urinary Retention Post-stroke – ST28, SP06, SP09, BL28, BL32, BL33, BL34, CV03, CV04 (doi:10.19917/j.cnki.1005-0779.023135 ↗)
- Constipation Post-stroke – ST25, ST28, SP14, SP15 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.2008.01.003 ↗)
- Urinary Incontinence, Stroke Sequelae Post-cerebral Infarction – ST28, SP06, PC06, CV06, GV26 (doi:10.13460/j.issn.1005-0957.2018.13.0253 ↗)
- Urinary Retention – LI04, ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, SP10, BL22, BL23, BL28, BL32, BL54, KD03, LV03, CV02, CV03, CV04, CV06, GV20 (doi:10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2013.23.017 ↗)
- Dysmenorrhea, Menorrhagia, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Uterine Myoma, Uterine Fibroids, Uterine Fibroids – ST28, ST29, SP06, LV03 (doi:10.1002/ccr3.72011 ↗)
- Infertility, Ovarian Cysts, PCOS, Hirsutism, Anovulation – LU07, LI04, ST28, ST29, ST36, SP04, SP06, SP10, KD06, PC06, LV03, CV03, CV04, CV06, XC01 (doi:10.1002/hsr2.72673 ↗)
- Urinary Retention, Urinary Retention, Urinary Problems, Urinary Retention Postpartum – ST28 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20230603-k0001 ↗)
- Urinary Incontinence Stress, Incontinence Stress Urinary – ST28, BL33, BL35, BL54, KD12, CV04 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240408-k0001 ↗)
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Hyperplasia Prostate Benign, Urinary Symptoms Lower Tract, Overactive Bladder – ST28, ST36, SP06, CV02, CV03, CV04 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240322-k0003 ↗)
- Obesity, Overweight, Phlegm-dampness – ST24, ST25, ST28, ST40, SP15, GB26 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20240610-k0004 ↗)
- Incontinence Urinary, Incontinence Urinary Stress, Stress Urinary Incontinence – ST28, BL54 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200410-k0005 ↗)
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Hyperplasia Prostatic Benign, Urination Difficult – ST28, SP06, KD03, TB06, CV03, CV04 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20190923-0001 ↗)
- Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Chronic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Lumbosacral Pain – ST28, ST29, BL23, BL32, CV04 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20191218-k0002 ↗)
- Anxiety, Absent Periods, Premature Ovarian Failure – ST25, ST28, ST29, ST36, SP06, BL23, BL32, KD03, GB13, LV03, CV03, CV04, GV20, GV24 (doi:10.1155/2014/718675 ↗)
- Low Back Pain – LI04, LI11, ST20, ST24, ST27, ST28, SP06, SI03, KD03, KD06, TB10, GB41, LV08, CV12 (doi:10.1002/jgf2.719 ↗)
- Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease – ST28, ST29, BL23, BL32, CV04 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200329-k0003 ↗)
- Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease – ST28, CV04, CV06, XC01 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200713-0002 ↗)
- Urinary Retention, Urinary Retention After Surgery – ST28, SP06, CV04, CV06 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210504-k0002 ↗)
Most often selected alongside ST28
How many sourced protocols in the index pair each point with ST28. Corpus frequency, not a combination to use.
- SP06Three Yin Intersection44 protocols
- CV04Original Qi Gate39 protocols
- ST36Leg Three Miles39 protocols
- ST25Celestial Pivot37 protocols
- CV06Sea Of Qi30 protocols
- CV12Stomach Centre25 protocols
- CV03Central Pivot21 protocols
- LV03Great Surge20 protocols
- SP09Yin Mound Spring20 protocols
- LI04Junction Valley17 protocols
- SP15Great Horizontal17 protocols
- ST40Abundant Bulge15 protocols