Location
3 thumb widths below umbilicus 2 thumb widths lateral to the cv4.
Cautions
Contraindicated during pregnancy.
Indications
Conditions for which ST28 is listed as indicated. An indication list is a reference index, not a prescription – see the protocols below for sourced treatments.
Benefit BladderBenefit BladderBenefit Regulate Jiao LowerBenefit UterusBenefit UterusCold BladderCold BladderCold KneeCold KneeCold ThighCold ThighCold UterusCold UterusConstipationShan DisorderShan DisorderAbdomen Inferior BloatingAbdomen Inferior BloatingMenstrual CrampsFibroids / Masses Jia UterusFibroids Masses Jia UterusAbdomen Inferior FullnessAbdomen Inferior FullnessHeat Binding SanjiaoHeat Binding SanjiaoInfertilityEdemaBack PainBack PainBack Lumbar Period PainBack Lumbar Period / Menstruation PainGenital PainGenital PainLower Abdominal PainLower Abdominal PainShoulder PainShoulder PainLumbar Spine PainLumbar Spine PainRegulate Jiao LowerRetention Dead FoetusRetention Dead FoetusRetention PlacentaRetention PlacentaUrinary RetentionUrinary Retention Stagnation
Protocols using ST28
- Fatigue, Vomiting, Nausea, Anemia, Epigastric Pain, Loss Of Appetite, Cancer Gastric Advanced – ST28, ST29, ST36, SP08, SP10, SP15, PC06, CV04, CV06 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8701779)
- Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Pain, Mood Changes, Damp-heat Lower-jiao – LI11, ST28, ST29, ST40, SP06, SP09, BL22, BL32, GB34, LV02 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep239)
- Postpartum Weight Retention – ST25, ST28, ST40, SP06, SP15, CV09 (Laser Acupuncture for Postpartum Weight Retention. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02840916)
- Overweight, Obesity Simple, Bmi Elevated – LI04, LI11, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, ST27, ST28, ST32, ST34, ST36, ST37, ST39, ST40, ST44, SP04, SP06, SP09, SP14, SP15, SP16, BL20, BL21, TB06, GB26, LV13, CV04, CV06, CV07, CV09, CV10, CV12, CV13 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2367610)
- Obesity Abdominal, Bmi Elevated, Waist Circumference Elevated – ST25, ST28, ST40, SP15, GB26, CV12 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9714313)
- Spleen Deficiency, Obesity Abdominal, Dampness Accumulation, Spleen Deficiency With Dampness Accumulation – ST25, ST28, ST36, ST40, SP06, SP14, SP15, GB26, CV04, CV06, CV10, CV12 (https://doi.org/10.26922/d.cnki.ganzc.2025.000566)
- Overweight, Obesity Postpartum, Weight Retention – ST25, ST28, ST40, SP06, SP15, CV09 (https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004716)
- Constipation Post-stroke – ST25, ST28, SP14, SP15 (https://doi.org/10.13703/j.0255-2930.2008.01.003)
- Dysuria, Nocturia, Urinary Frequency, Urinary Urgency, Urinary Hesitancy, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Incomplete Bladder Emptying – ST28, CV02, CV04 (https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020376)
- Constipation, Obesity Abdominal, Defecation Impaired – ST22, ST25, ST28, GB26, CV04, CV12 (https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.201042)
- Abdominal Distention, Abdominal Pain, Urinary Retention Postpartum – ST28, ST36, SP06, SP09, BL67, CV03, CV04 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2072091)
- Urinary Incontinence, Stroke Sequelae Post-cerebral Infarction – ST28, SP06, PC06, CV06, GV26 (https://doi.org/10.13460/j.issn.1005-0957.2018.13.0253)