Location
In the 3rd intercostal space 4 thumb widths lateral to the anterior midline.
Cautions
Risk of pneumothorax; avoid deep needling.
Indications
Conditions for which ST16 is listed as indicated. An indication list is a reference index, not a prescription – see the protocols below for sourced treatments.
Breast AbscessBenefit BreastsStomach RumblingChillsCoughDiarrhoea WateryBreathing Shortness Of Breath ProblemsFeverChest FullnessRestlessness InsomniaLips SwellingWheezing
Protocols using ST16
- Lactation Deficiency, Postpartum Insufficient Milk Production – ST13, ST15, ST16, ST18, ST36, SP06, SP10, GB21, CV17 (doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016456 ↗)
- Cancer Gastric, Cancer Advanced, Post-chemotherapy – LU10, ST16, ST36, SP18, BL21, BL23, BL43, GB42, CV12 (doi:10.1155/2020/8274021 ↗)
- Lactation Insufficiency, Breastfeeding Postpartum – LU01, LU02, ST13, ST14, ST16, ST18, ST36, SP06, SP10, CV12, CV17 (doi:10.22038/ijp.2020.54458.4305 ↗)
- Lactation Insufficiency, Breastfeeding Postpartum – ST13, ST15, ST16, ST18, ST36, SP06, SP10, GB21, CV17 (doi:10.22038/ijp.2020.54458.4305 ↗)
- Hypogalactia, Breastfeeding Insufficiency, Lactation Postpartum – LU01, LU02, ST13, ST14, ST16, ST18, ST36, SP06, SP10, CV12, CV17 (doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02773-8 ↗)
- Hypogalactia, Breastfeeding Insufficiency, Lactation Postpartum – ST13, ST15, ST16, ST18, ST36, SP06, SP10, GB21, CV17 (doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02773-8 ↗)
- Depression Post-stroke, Stroke Sequelae, Depression Moderate-severe – LI04, ST16, ST40, SP06, HT07, PC06, LV03, GV20, GV24, XH03 (doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03277-3 ↗)
- Breathing Problems, Copd, Dyspnea, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – ST16, ST18, ST25, ST40, CV04, CV12, CV17 (doi:10.1016/j.imr.2024.101117 ↗)
- Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive – ST16, ST18, ST25, CV04, CV12, CV17 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200813-0001 ↗)
- Liver Qi Stagnation, Liver Qi Stagnation – LI17, LI18, ST09, ST15, ST16, ST18, ST25, ST26, ST27, SP13, SP18, HT03, HT04, SI11, BL14, BL16, BL18, BL31, KD21, XB02T9 (Yang Yong-Xuan, clinical point-selection notes)
Most often selected alongside ST16
How many sourced protocols in the index pair each point with ST16. Corpus frequency, not a combination to use.
- ST18Breast Root8 protocols
- CV17Chest Centre7 protocols
- SP06Three Yin Intersection6 protocols
- ST36Leg Three Miles6 protocols
- CV12Stomach Centre5 protocols
- SP10Sea Of Blood5 protocols
- ST13Qi Door5 protocols
- ST15Roof4 protocols
- GB21Shoulder Well3 protocols
- ST25Celestial Pivot3 protocols
- CV04Original Qi Gate2 protocols
- LU01Central Mansion2 protocols
