Location
On the anterior midline at the level with 5th intercostal space on the xiphoid process.
Cautions
Avoid deep needling; risk of pneumothorax.
Indications
Conditions for which CV16 is listed as indicated. An indication list is a reference index, not a prescription – see the protocols below for sourced treatments.
Common ColdConstriction OesophagusChest FullnessCostal Lateral FullnessPain Around NavelVomiting Post PrandialVomiting Post-prandialVomiting Post Prandial (infant)Vomiting Post-prandial Infantile
TCM actions
What classical sources say CV16 does in the terms of Chinese medicine theory. These describe the point, not a condition.
Benefit Descend RebellionBenefit DigestionBenefit Regulate StomachDescend RebellionRegulate StomachUnbind Chest
Protocols using CV16
- Anxiety, Allodynia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Hand Swelling, Wrist Left Pain, Hand Left Pain, Functional Limitation Wrist – ST24, KD17, CV04, CV12, CV16, CV17 (doi:10.3390/children8121187 ↗)
- Lactation Insufficiency, Breastfeeding Postpartum – LI04, ST11, ST17, SP20, SI01, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL21, GB21, CV16, CV17 (doi:10.22038/ijp.2020.54458.4305 ↗)
- Hypogalactia, Breastfeeding Insufficiency, Lactation Postpartum – LI04, ST11, ST17, SP20, SI01, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL21, GB21, CV16, CV17 (doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02773-8 ↗)
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome – ST24, KD17, CV04, CV12, CV16, CV17 (doi:10.3390/children8121187 ↗)
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – ST36, ST42, HT08, BL18, BL21, LV01, LV02, LV03, LV14, CV12, CV16, CV17 (doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.2017.12.001 ↗)
- Postoperative Complications, Postoperative Ileus, Postoperative Gastrointestinal Dysfunction (pogd) – CV08, CV16 (Abdominal Acupuncture for Gastrointestinal Function Recovery After Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07293026)
- Fracture Chest Pain, Fracture Abdomen Pain – GB24, GB25, GB26, LV13, LV14, CV16, CV17, CV18, CV19 (백승원 et al.. 골절에 침 치료를 적용한 2013년 이후 증례보고 문헌고찰. 한방재활의학과학회지, 2021)
- Hiccups – ST36, BL17, PC06, TB05, CV12, CV16, CV17, XB02C3, XB02C4 (Zhu Bing, Wang Hongcai (eds). Case Studies from the Medical Records of Leading Chinese Acupuncture Experts. London: Singing Dragon, 2011)
- Acne – LI04, LI11, SP06, BL13, BL17, BL18, BL20, BL23, LV03, CV04, CV16, GV10 (Zhu Bing, Wang Hongcai (eds). Case Studies from the Medical Records of Leading Chinese Acupuncture Experts. London: Singing Dragon, 2011)
Most often selected alongside CV16
How many sourced protocols in the index pair each point with CV16. Corpus frequency, not a combination to use.
- CV17Chest Centre7 protocols
- BL17Diaphragm Shu Point4 protocols
- BL18Liver Shu Point4 protocols
- CV12Stomach Centre4 protocols
- BL20Spleen Shu Point3 protocols
- BL21Stomach Shu Point3 protocols
- CV04Original Qi Gate3 protocols
- LI04Junction Valley3 protocols
- GB21Shoulder Well2 protocols
- KD17Shang Bend2 protocols
- LV03Great Surge2 protocols
- LV14Qi Cycle Gate2 protocols
